Educational Development Process Analysis of American For-Profit Universities
AUTHORS
Russel Blanco,University of Mindanao, Philippines
Renann Custodio,University of Mindanao, Philippines
Rosemary Marcos,Lyceum of the Philippines University Laguna, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The development of higher education in the United States has always been under the dual influence of the government and the market, showing that "freedom and control depend on each other, control and checks and balances follow, and both incentives and constraints are emphasized." American for-profit universities have experienced four interaction mechanisms: "weak government, strong market", "weak government, weak market", "strong government, strong market", and "strong government, weak market", and a continuous "pendulum phenomenon" has appeared. The loose policy environment and strong market demand have a strong driving effect on American for-profit universities. On the contrary, the development of for-profit universities will face obstacles. Undoubtedly, whether the government and market forces are ebb and flow, or the two advance and retreat together, they have a huge chain effect on for-profit universities, affecting and even determining the destiny of for-profit universities. For American for-profit universities to get out of the development dilemma, they need to reconcile the tension between the government and the market.
KEYWORDS
For-profit universities, Development process, Pendulum phenomenon, Educational logic, Market logic
REFERENCES
[1] Rostoka, Zane, Locovs, et al., “Open innovation of new emerging small economies based on university-construction industry cooperation,” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, vol.5, no.1, pp.10, (2019)
[2] C. Burton, “The many pathways of academic coordination,” Higher Education, no.8, pp.251-268
[3] L. E. Gladieux and R. Thomas, “Wolanin. congress and colleges: The national politics of higher education,” Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books, pp.226
[4] Fenske, R. H. Huff, and P. Robert, “Handbook of student financial aid,” Jossey-bass Publishers, vol.156
[5] Chen Bin. Student mobility in American colleges and universities: a changing landscape [J]. Higher Education Research, no.3, pp.91-100, (2018)
[6] C. W. Claassen, L. Hachaambwa, and D. Phiri, “The arc of human immunodeficiency virus capacity development: insights from a decade of partnership for medical education in Zambia,” American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, vol.96, no.5, pp.16-0666, (2017)
[7] D. L. Weimer, “Policy analysis-theory and practice”
[8] K. K. Droegemeier, L. A. Snyder, and A. Knoedler, “The roles of chief research officers at American research universities: A current profile and challenges for the future,” Journal of Research Administration, (2017)
[9] M. Trow, “American higher education: past, present, and future,” Educational Researcher, vol.7, no.3, pp.13-23
[10] P. L. Glanzer, “The resilience of religion in American higher education, by John Schmalzbauer and Kathleen A. Mahoney,” Journal of Church and State, vol.3, no.3, (2019)
[11] J. J. Duderstadt, “A university for the 21st Century,” Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp.333-334, (2000)
[12] N. Weiner, “Invention: The care and feeding of the idea,” In D. Bok, Universities in the Marketplace: The commercialization of higher education. Princeton: Princeton university press
[13] D. Bok, “Universities in the marketplace: The commercialization of higher education,” Princeton: Princeton University Press, no.12, (2003)
[14] R. L. Geiger, “Knowledge, and money: Research universities and the paradox of the marketplace,” Stanford: Standford University Press, no.245, (2004)
[15] R. S. Ruch, “The rise of the for-profit university,” Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, U.S, no.52, (2001)
[16] S. E. Turner and W. Bowen, “The flight from the arts and science: trends in degrees conferred,” Science, no.250, pp.517-521
[17] J. A. Douglass, “The rise of the for-profit sector in US higher education and the Brazilian effect,” European Journal of Education, vol.47, no.2, pp.242-259, (2012)
[18] United States Senate, “Health, education, labor, and pensions committee, for-profit higher education: The failure to safeguard the federal investment and ensure student success,” [EB/OL], https: www. Govinfo. Gov/content/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT74953/html/CPRT-112SPRT74953. Htm, (2019)
[19] The National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. Current Term Enrollment-Spring [EB/OL]. https: nscresearchcenter. Org/? s=Current+Term+Enrollment-Spring+2017, (2017)